Brazil is known for governmental intervention in its economy and a weak rule of law. Such characteristics tend to obscure a significant liberal tradition, which influenced the course of Brazilian events many times. Brazil’s liberal tradition existed before Brazilian independence in 1822. This article provides an historical account of the development of Brazilian liberalism. Liberal thinkers and personalities are placed in the context of their times and movements, from the reign of Dom João VI to the current New Republic. The article also offers a guide to Brazilian liberalism today, listing the main liberal organizations, institutes, and projects.