Charles Murray is the Hayek Emeritus Scholar at the American Enterprise Institute. Educated at Harvard and M.I.T., where he obtained a PhD in political science, he is the author of Losing Ground: American Social Policy 1950–1980 (1984), Human Accomplishment: The Pursuit of Excellence in the Arts and Sciences, 800 B.C. to 1950 (2003), and Coming Apart: The State of White America, 1960—2010. He is coauthor with Richard J. Herrnstein of The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life (1994). His email is cmurray@aei.org.